Precision medicine, also known as personalised medicine, is a transformative approach in healthcare. It moves away from the traditional one-size-fits-all treatment paradigm and tailors medical care to the individual characteristics of each patient. By considering genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors, precision medicine aims to improve disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment efficacy.
At its core, precision medicine relies on advances in genomics, bioinformatics and data analytics. The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was a pivotal milestone in the development of precision medicine as it provided a comprehensive map of human DNA and enabled researchers to identify genetic variations linked to specific diseases. Subsequent technological advancements such as next-generation sequencing have made it feasible to sequence entire genomes quickly and affordably. Precision medicine can reshape disease treatments and allow physicians to provide better treatment options to patients. Historically, precision medicine was mostly used for oncology, but more areas have been benefiting from precision medicine recently.
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Precision medicine is now making an impact in reproductive health where it is most commonly used throughout in vitro fertilisation treatment cycles. Precision medicine in reproductive health includes biomarker screenings to aid in determining a treatment path for those experiencing infertility, endometrial receptivity arrays for precise implantation timing and testing of embryos to detect the presence of genetic abnormalities.
Research aims to discover the genetic basis of disease
In addition to reproductive health, precision medicine is being expanded to areas such as pandemic preparedness. Recently, Governor of California Gavin Newsom announced an agreement to enhance the state’s ability to prepare for and potentially prevent future pandemics through the use of precision medicine. When used with advanced diagnostic tools for infectious diseases, precision medicine can alleviate the burdens of future pandemics through early detection, faster responses and more effective countermeasures.
Precision medicine is making strides, especially in oncology. If those strides can be replicated in other areas of medicine, the diagnostic tools and treatment options for many diseases and conditions could be greatly improved. The future of precision medicine is promising. Ongoing research in this field aims to discover the genetic basis of diseases and refine treatment approaches. As technology continues to advance, precision medicine will hopefully become more accessible and could transform the healthcare landscape.
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