The World Health Organization (WHO) has classed cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of death globally. Image credit: fizkes / Shutterstock.

A study sponsored by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) has found that measuring three blood biomarkers can be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular risk in women.

The three blood biomarkers included two lipid biomarkers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lipoprotein a, along with a marker of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP). The study’s findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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The study followed 27,939 women with a mean age of 54.7 years in the US for 30 year. The women started the study from 1922 to 1995. The study’s primary endpoint was a composite endpoint of the first major adverse cardiovascular event, calculated using myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes.

During the study period, 3662 first major cardiovascular events occurred. The researchers assessed the association between the three blood biomarkers in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The study found that the risk of developing heart disease increased by 36%, 33%, and 70% in patients with the highest levels of LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein a, and CRP, respectively.

In addition, the patients who had raised levels of all three blood biomarkers saw their risk of having a stroke increase by 1.5 times. These participants were also three times as likely to develop coronary heart disease compared to women with the lowest levels of the three blood biomarkers. The researchers  noted that the findings are unlikely to be sex specific, and “they would expect to find similar results in men”.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has classed cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of death globally. As a result, disease prediction models in the indication have gained popularity in recent years, with multiple companies developing models.

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In May 2024, Caristo shared results from a trial of its AI CaRi-Heart technology, showing that the artificial intelligence (AI) powered platform could predict cardiac events caused by coronary inflammation by at least ten years in advance. The software analysed cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) scans to determine the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.